GLP Peptides

GLP peptides — glucagon-like peptides — are a family of peptides derived from the post-translational processing of the proglucagon precursor. The main members are GLP-1 and GLP-2, both of which are produced primarily by intestinal L-cells. GLP-1 is studied in the context of insulin secretion, glucose metabolism, and incretin and metabolic receptor signaling, while GLP-2 is investigated for its role in intestinal epithelial biology.

A number of synthetic analogs and research compounds exist in this category, including semaglutide-class and tirzepatide-class sequences, as well as dual- and triple-agonist research peptides. All GLP peptide products from Function Dose are lyophilized research materials intended solely for in vitro laboratory investigation.

Native GLP-1 has a very short half-life in plasma — on the order of a few minutes — because it is rapidly degraded by the enzyme dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4). GLP analogs are engineered peptides that modify the native sequence or attach additional groups such as fatty acid chains, in order to resist DPP-4 degradation, extend half-life, and optimize receptor binding.

This extended stability is what makes GLP analogs useful in research as practical tools for studying the GLP-1 and related receptor systems in controlled experiments. The analogs differ from native GLP hormones primarily in their pharmacokinetic profile and, in some cases, their receptor selectivity across the GLP-1, GIP, and glucagon receptor families.

GLP-1 and GLP-2 are both produced from the proglucagon precursor. GLP-1 is studied in connection with the GLP-1 receptor, insulin secretion, and incretin and metabolic receptor signaling, while GLP-2 is studied primarily in connection with the GLP-2 receptor and intestinal epithelial biology. The two peptides share a common precursor but have different receptor targets and research focuses.

GLP-3 is not a classical endogenous peptide in the same way as GLP-1 and GLP-2. The term is sometimes used as a research label for engineered or triple-agonist peptides that combine activity at GLP-1, GIP, and glucagon receptors in a single molecule. In this sense, GLP-3 in research usually refers to a designed multi-target compound rather than a naturally occurring hormone.